The New Governance of the English Regions by M. Sandford
By M. Sandford
English areas looked as if it would were killed off by means of the large 'no' vote within the referendum within the North East on four November 2004. against this, this e-book analyzes the numerous associations and networks tested on the English local tier in view that 1997. It argues new type of governance is constructing within the English areas, characterised through approaches instead of particular coverage matters: strategic co-ordination, scrutiny, and civic engagement.
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Additional resources for The New Governance of the English Regions
Sample text
In contrast to a 'first wave' of Keynesianism, running from 1945 to the oil-price related economic crises of the 1970s, and a 'second wave' of state retrenchment and a (re)turn to neoliberalism in the 1980s, the 'third wave' recognises the inadequacy of the 'nightwatchman state' for creating the economic The Roots of the English Regions 29 and social conditions for prosperity. They argue that 'a state that withdraws from direct intervention to indirect animation need not be a weak or ineffective state; if its policy goals are more effectively met through regulated delegation, it can actually become stronger by doing less and enabling more' (1998:23).
Through most of the twentieth century there was little sign that the undoubted cultural distinctiveness of Scotland and Wales would translate into political mobilisation. Plaid Cymru and the Scottish National Party were formed in 1925 and 1934 respectively, but had never come close to Parliamentary electoral success before the mid-1960s. Then, Gwynfor Evans won Carmarthen for Plaid Cymru at a by-election in late 1966, whilst Winifred Ewing won Hamilton for the SNP at a by-election in 1967. These political earthquakes (by the standards of the time) in Labour heartlands impressed on Labour in particular that nationalist sentiment required a policy response (Mawson 1998), which was produced by the Royal Commission on the Constitution (the Kilbrandon Commission).
8 Like their forebears between the wars, these proposals were really responses to territorial/constitutional crisis points in the non-English parts of the UK. Fawcett and Cole wrote during and after the independence struggle in Ireland, in the wake of debates on 'Home Rule all round'. The late 1960s saw a sudden wellspring of Scottish and Welsh nationalism, leading to breakthrough electoral 34 The New Governance of the English Regions successes for the nationalist parties. Similar pressures were exerting themselves across Europe in regions with strong and distinctive cultures (Keating 1998; Le Gales and Lequesne 1998).



