Grammatical Theory in the United States: From Bloomfield to by P. H. Matthews
By P. H. Matthews
This can be a historical past of the unfold and dominance of North American linguistic conception, targeting the influential rules of Bloomfield and Chomsky. It offers an account of the improvement and continuity of 3 dominant principles in linguistics: the learn of formal kin can and may be separated from that of that means; sentences are composed of linear configurations of morphemes; many facets of grammar are decided genetically. this is often a useful survey for all linguists wishing to track the origins in their self-discipline.
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Extra resources for Grammatical Theory in the United States: From Bloomfield to Chomsky
Example text
In Methods Harris tried to work out purely formal procedures; but it is in these chapters that the use of hints and short cuts is particularly acknowledged, and it is on them that doubts about his programme tended to concentrate. But Hockett returned to the problem in the following year, with a detailed formalisation of a procedure for converting sequences of phonemes into sequences of morphs (Hockett, 1952a). In this paper he referred to the 'brilliant discussion' in Harris's book in general (27).
This was followed after the war by Bloch's 'postulates for phonemic analysis' (1948). In wording these, Bloch 'avoid[ed] all semantic and psychological criteria', and argued that, provided there is some redundancy - as it would later be called - in the distribution of phonemes, 'theoretically it would be possible to arrive at [a] phonemic system... without any appeal to meaning' (1948: 5 and n. 8). He also remarked that a chief difference between his approach and LI American linguistics 1900-1990 27 Bloomfield's is that Bloomfield did 'invoke[ ] meaning as a fundamental criterion' (6).
The other feature is the growing prestige of American linguistics in other countries. From the late 1950s it became a common thing for foreign scholars to visit the United States, and for foreign postgraduate students to take degrees there. The effect of this on currents of thought within America does not seem to have been great, since few established scholars, with opinions formed already in another tradition, settled permanently. But it had a profound influence on thought elsewhere, through the spread of Chomskyan ideas specifically.