The language of heroes : speech and performance in the Iliad by Richard Martin
By Richard Martin
Drawing on fresh reports in ethnography and sociolinguistics, Richard Martin the following units forth a poetics of Homeric speeches, which he sees no longer basically as poetic creations yet because the illustration of an exact type of talking in a standard tradition
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Extra info for The language of heroes : speech and performance in the Iliad
Sample text
412, Diomedes) Those who are equals, socially or as "performers" of deeds, can challenge one another's muthoi. 358). When the lines of power are clearly drawn, the speaker who uses a muthos prevails. Thus, Odysseus speaks to his social equals in the testing scene of Book 2 and uses epea. The poet says: Whatever king and outstanding man he met, he stood beside and held back with mild words (epeessin). 19 8- 201) The Iliad is largely about situations in which power is in dispute, up for grabs. The anthropologist Michael Herzfeld has recently drawn attention to the role of expressive rhetoric, accomplished by verbal and nonverbal means, in a similar cultural context-the disputes of contemporary Cretan mountain villagers.
Here the question jUnctions as a directive: Athena should perceive things the way Achilles does. " In other words, the goddess successfully reads the illocutionary force of Achilles' words, rather than replying to them as if they constituted an actual request for information. 8 ! " The directive force is amplified by the next words: "It is fitting for you two to stand with the front-lines and confront burning battle" (341-42). This statement is just as "directive" in function although it, too, lacks the linguistic form of an imperative.
Besides the upstart rhetoric of this speech, there is a lot of repetition, as if Homer were characterizing the inexperience of Diomedes through his style. 35, 41) which, in turn, encloses a triple occurrence of "he gave" (doke-~7-39) strikes the listener as a clumsy attempt at sounding forceful. ~nd so it seems to affect Nestor, as well. 201-6). Perhaps it is Homer's purpose to show us Nestor allied to Agamemnon. At any event, the old warrior is conspicuously not a part of the general acclamation of Diomedes' muthos: So he spoke, and all the Achaeans' sons clamored assent, in awe at the muthos of horse-taming Diomedes.