Preference, Belief, and Similarity: Selected Writings by Amos Tversky

Preference, Belief, and Similarity: Selected Writings by Amos Tversky

By Amos Tversky

Amos Tversky (1937--1996), a towering determine in cognitive and mathematical psychology, committed his specialist lifestyles to the research of similarity, judgment, and selection making. He had a distinct skill to grasp the technicalities of normative beliefs after which to intuit and reveal experimentally their systematic violation end result of the vagaries and effects of human details processing. He created new components of analysis and helped remodel disciplines as various as economics, legislation, drugs, political technology, philosophy, and statistics.This publication collects 40 of Tversky's articles, chosen via him in collaboration with the editor over the last months of Tversky's lifestyles. it really is divided into 3 sections: Similarity, Judgment, and personal tastes. The personal tastes part is subdivided into Probabilistic types of selection, selection lower than possibility and Uncertainty, and Contingent personal tastes. incorporated are a number of articles written along with his common collaborator, Nobel Prize-winning economist Daniel Kahneman.

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The independence axiom, for example, may hold in one interpretation and fail in another. Experimental tests of the axioms, therefore, test jointly the adequacy of the interpretation of the features and the empirical validity of the 14 Tversky assumptions. , block letters, schematic faces) can be properly characterized in terms of their components. , symmetry, connectedness) should also be introduced. For an interesting discussion of this problem, in the best tradition of Gestalt psychology, see Goldmeier (1972; originally published in 1936).

To test for asymmetry in direct judgments of similarity, we presented two groups of 77 subjects each with the same list of 21 pairs of countries and asked subjects to rate their similarity on a 20-point scale. The only di¤erence between the two groups was the order of the countries within each pair. ’’ The 18 Tversky lists were constructed so that the more prominent country appeared about an equal number of times in the first and second positions. For any pair ðp; qÞ of stimuli, let p denote the more prominent element, and let q denote the less prominent element.

A is more prototypical than b) rather than in an absolute sense, then the two interpretations of asymmetry practically coincide. Discussion The conjunction of the contrast model and the focusing hypothesis implies the presence of asymmetric similarities. , choice). The asymmetries discussed in the previous section were observed in comparative tasks in which the subject compares two given stimuli to determine their similarity. Asymmetries were also observed in production tasks in which the subject is given a single stimulus and asked to produce the most similar response.

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