Waste heat boiler deskbook by V Ganapathy
By V Ganapathy
Covers the layout and alertness of waste warmth boilers for commercial, cogeneration and municipal strong waste functions. actual lifestyles case stories reduction realizing the specification, operation and alertness of waste warmth boilers. additionally contains brief lower tools for sizing gear and crucial info on warmth and fabric balances. Environmental concerns together with NOx and CO emissions are awarded. an essential reference for engineers, specialists and bosses taken with specifying, working, engineering, advertising and marketing and comparing waste warmth boilers or warmth restoration steam turbines.
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25 32 26 24 20 16 12 10 8 6 4 The Intersections of the vertical and diagonal lines yield conversion factors for calculating the volumetric ratios (In ppm) of CO and NOx -~------------~-~~--- Waste Heat Boilers 39 machine guaranteeing 9 ppmvd NO x with no steam or water injection with CO at less than 8 ppmvd. Some other suppliers have come out with machines with emissions less than 25 ppmvd NO x . However the popular method is steam or water injection in the gas turbine. Adding steam or water reduces the flame temperature and suppresses the formation of NOx by up to 70%.
This can be found as follows. Let 0 be the vol% of oxygen in the exhaust gas. 5, that of oxygen, 32. One million Btu of fuel fired requires a nearly constant amount of air. For oils, this is 745lb and for natural gas it is 730 lb. _- 23 Waste Heat Boilers Where C is the constant referred to earlier. 00124 for both oils and natural gas. 4 xWg x 0 x 10-6. (1-5) Example 1: A waste heat boiler for turbine exhaust gases handles 530,000 lb/hr of gas at 900°F. To obtain additional steam, it is desired to raise the gas temperature through supplementary firing to 1,400°F.
ALYSIS·%VOL OF C02,H20,N2,02=? 2 BURNER DUTY·BTU/H,FINAL TEMP·FHnput zero for the unknown}=? 5 3 propane· 0 4 butane- 0 5 isobutane· 0 6 pentane· 0 7 isopentane. 0 8 hexane- 0 9 hydrogen. 5 13 water vapor· Q 14 hydrogen sulfide· 1 If the fuel input to the burner in Btu/h is known, the fuel quantity is obtained and the flue gas analysis and quantity are computed. The final enthalpy is obtained and, through an iterative process, the corresponding temperature is found. Waste Heat Boiler Deskbook 28 If the final desired temperature is given, the fuel input is assumed and iterated to yield the final enthalpy, after computing the flue gas analysis.