VCO-Based Quantizers Using Frequency-to-Digital and by Samantha Yoder
By Samantha Yoder
This e-book introduces the concept that of voltage-controlled-oscillator (V.C.O.)-based analog-to-digital converters (A.D.C.s). particular rationalization is given of this promising new classification of excessive solution and occasional strength A.D.C.s, which use time quantization instead of conventional analog-based (i.e. voltage) A.D.C.s.
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Extra resources for VCO-Based Quantizers Using Frequency-to-Digital and Time-to-Digital Converters
Example text
26). 26) From the derivations, the input signal and noise are both scaled and dependant on some of the same factors. To derive the SNR, the power of the signal and the power of the noise at the output of the TDC are calculated. 27). 27) The power of the quantization noise is derived next. 28) using the two-sided definition of power [5, pp. 532–533]. 28) where D is the difference between quantization levels, in the TDC case this is equal to tbuff. The effective sampling frequency is increased by N when using N TDCs to reduce the quantization noise.
TDC Architecture So far, theoretical modeling and analysis has been developed for both the FDC and TDC VCO-based quantizers. The theoretical analysis is verified through a VerilogA model. The VerilogA model will be used to make further comparisons between the two quantization methods. The VCO-based quantizers are designed to achieve an SNR ¼ 60 dB. 1, where the same baseline VCO is used in 26 2 VCO-Based Quantizer Fig. 15 TDC VCO-based quantizer SNR curves while varying design parameters: theoretical vs.
The model falls short in the 1/f 3 region. In the following derivations, work is done to accurately model both the 1/f 2 and 3 1/f noise region. Modeling the 1/f 3 region is becoming more critical in deeply scaled CMOS technologies due to the rapid increase in the transistor 1/f noise. Following Fig. 6, it is shown that the VCO phase adds 1/f 2 shaping to the jitter since the phase is the integral of VCO frequency. If the jitter is shaped by a filter to have 1/f shaping, then the overall phase noise will have 1/f 3 shaping, Fig.