The Development of the Komnenian Army, 1081-1180 (History of by John Birkenmeier
By John Birkenmeier
The emperors of the Komnenian dynasty orchestrated the industrial and armed forces renewal of the Byzantine Empire. In 1081, Alexios I turned emperor of a bankrupt and decreased empire. In 1180, Manuel I governed the main strong kingdom within the jap Mediterranean, in a position to sending expeditions to Egypt, Hungary, Italy, and Palestine. This examine examines how the Komnenian emperors restored the Byzantine nation by means of development a certified military of mercenaries and Byzantine voters. It examines the armys ethnic composition, strategies, gear, and its monetary help.
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Extra resources for The Development of the Komnenian Army, 1081-1180 (History of Warfare)
Sample text
Zllms es, In, . var~ Of. the Norma~s durin~·the reign im,_ 1O. [~Ild 11. 1Iexlade, I, 20 '-21. ,46. i 59 Alexios hoped that the soldiers he had placed in ambush would throw Bryennios' formation into confusion so that his Franks and Immortals would be able to break them. Nikephoros' best men faced Alexios' ambush, and it was easily driven ofI Next Alexios' Immortals broke. A general rout followed. Alcxios' Franks deserted to Brycnnios, and the rest of the units under Alexios' personal command retreated.
5 illexiade, I, I B jT:; Bryennios, I :1G:1B. & 58 included the veterans of Maniakes from Sicily, and Thessalian and Frankish cavalry. The left consisted of three thousand men of the Macedonian and Thracian squadrons. Bryennios held the center with Thracians, Macedonians, and picked Thessalian cavahy troopers. No numb~r is specified, but if the army was organized in three groups there IS no reason to suppose there were fewer than three thousand in this center group also. 6 Facing him, Alexios' forces are reported by both Bryennios and Anna to have been considerably smaller.
He then transported an army across the Adriatic Sea and besieged DyrrachionY We will examine the details of Alexios' defeat at Dyrrachion in 1081, in our discussion of his tactics and strategy. It is sufficient to note here that the battle marked a turning point in the development of the eleventh- and twelfth-century Byzantine army. The defeat was so catastrophic that Alexios lost most of the army he inherited from Botaneiates. Although Alexios never won a battle against Robert Guiscard, when the emperor allied with Henry IV of Germany the Normans were forced to return to Italy.