The Alliance Israelite Universelle and the Jewish by Michael M. Laskier

The Alliance Israelite Universelle and the Jewish by Michael M. Laskier

By Michael M. Laskier

Jewish reviews, African experiences, historical past

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Extra info for The Alliance Israelite Universelle and the Jewish Communities of Morocco, 1862-1962.

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The conference reviewed the position of the protégés and foreign nationals, mostly simsars* and consulate agents (interpreters, advisors, vice­consuls), but did little to alter the status quo. The war with Spain, resulting in Moroccan payment of huge indemnities; a series of treaties with Europe unfavorable to local economic interests which influenced the balance of trade in favor of the Europeans; the ability of Europeans after 1860 to obtain tax and legal immunities; the growth of the consular networks; the beginnings of intensive cultural penetration through European­style education; the granting of consular protection to Moroccans; the growth of the European colonies; and a prolonged agricultural slump particularly in the years 1878­188420—all helped to transform the old Morocco and to deprive her of the independence she enjoyed for so long.

However, there was room for the diversification of political activities, and a multiplicity of organizations began to flourish, notably the Alliance Israelite Universelle in Paris (1860), the Anglo­Jewish Association in London (1870), the Wien Allianz (1873), and the Hilfsverein der deutschen Juden in Berlin (1901).  The naturalization decree was named after him.  Edgardo Mortara eventually became a canon in Rome and professor of theology.  Adolphe Crémieux himself urged the French government to intervene in Syria and protect the Maronites, of whom 11,000 men, women and children were slaughtered.

145.  Ibid.  27.  Ibid.  37.  207­208.  208.  Ibid.  Ibid.  16­17.  269.  62.  153.  155.  197.  92.  91.  125; Stillman, ibid.  91.  228.  91.  435­449.  61 (in Hebrew).  60­71.  232 (in Hebrew).  200­201.  201.  77.  Ibid.  230­231.  Ibid.  85.  310.  Those who accompanied the qaid* to the area destined to become the new mellah* were the Jewish notables and members of the ‘ulama*'.  82.  Dawud *, ibid.  310.  347.  350.  87.  83.  Ibid.  58.  418.  82.  87.  219.  89.  93.  Ibid.  23.  412.  Ibid.

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