Scientific American Mind: Your Sexual Brain (Special by Scientific American
By Scientific American
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This notion clashes with our passionate belief in free will, but the evidence continues to mount. A recent study by Denise Chen and her colleagues at Rice University found that people performed better on cognitive tests while sniffing sweat collected from individuals who had been watching a scary movie than they did while smelling the sweat of people who had been watching a happy movie. The test takers said they could not tell the difference between the two types of sweat, but they were more cautious and accurate while inhaling the sweat of w w w.
9, NO. 6 ; NO V EM B ER 1 9 9 0 Mysterious Nerve Whales and dolphins are unique in having a blowhole on the top of their head. Whales evolved from aquatic mammals that breathed through nostrils in the front of the face. Over the course of millions of years of evolution the nostrils gradually migrated to the top of their head. In the process, whales and dolphins gave up the sense of smell, and they lost their olfactory nerve. We realized that if nerve zero were also involved in the sense of smell— as just a twig branching off of the olfactory nerve — it, too, would have been abandoned in the evolu- ( In humans, mate selection and sexual reproduction are far more complex, but there are indications that people do exchange such secret pheromone messages.
Infants of mothers who are blessed with more of these scent glands latch on faster and gain weight quicker than infants born to women with fewer glands. Nerve zero undermines not only our confidence in free will but also our faith in our own senses. New research on animals shows that impulses from nerve zero change how the environment is perceived. Neuropeptides released from the endings of nerve zero in the nose modify the sense of smell by adjusting the sensitivity of olfactory neurons. In the same way, fibers from nerve zero that enter the retina of a fish’s eye alter processing of visual information in response to olfactory signals stimulating the nerve.