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21. 1 in Chapter 5. Setting the Stage 27 The likeliest explanation for the currency that the term has achieved is that it is a belated acknowledgment of the significance, for the intellectual’s role, of the changing balance between the independent and the affiliated intellectual. Before there were universities in which serious intellectual work was done, and even later when universities were becoming important centers for the production of knowledge, no one would have thought to draw a distinction between public (with reference to audience) and nonpublic intellectual endeavors.

But Hartman’s style, which like Rawls’s is forbiddingly academic, is too difficult for a general even though educated audience. A number of academics who would very much like to communicate with the big public, doubtless including Hartman when he is writing outside his field, simply cannot or will not express themselves in simple prose. George Steiner, whose remit is at least as broad as Hartman’s, probably represents the outer limit of difficulty of apprehension consistent with attracting even a tiny slice of the nonacademic reading public.

It foresaw the economic dislocation that the Versailles Treaty, in particular its 9. And not only science: in his essay “The Cold War and the Transformation of the Academy,” in The Cold War and the University: Toward an Intellectual History of the Postwar Years 1 (André Schiffrin ed. 1997), Lewontin argues that without our military and related governmental spending during the Cold War, our economy would have grown more slowly, or not at all. S. economic anxieties rather than of Soviet aggressiveness.