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This is the second line of text. >This is the last line of text. 2. When you’ve finished typing your text, press Ctrl+D to enter an end-of-file mark: >[EOF] 24 04 2518 CH02 5/15/00 4:55 PM Page 25 PART I Creating Shell Commands CHAPTER 2 3. txt This is a line of text. This is the second line of text. This is the last line of text. txt and sends its contents to your display. txt does not exist, it will be created. txt. A more obscure redirection operator is the <<, known as the here operator. Use this operator to tell the shell when to stop reading input: $ cat < this is > the > end this is the $ When the shell reads the specified word following the << operator, it stops reading input.

See the lesskey manual page for more information. 42 05 2518 CH03 5/15/00 4:55 PM Page 43 PART I Creating Files and Directories CHAPTER 3 Creating Files and Directories Creating files and directories is an integral part of organizing your data while using Linux. The following sections show you how to create files and directories, so you can later copy, move, and organize your information. Using touch to Create and Update Files and Directories The touch command is used to create or update files and directories.

Txt The touch command is useful to quickly create files, and can be used by other programs during system-management tasks (such as backups). For more information, see the touch manual page. Creating Directories with the mkdir Command The mkdir (make directory) command is used to create directories. Use mkdir with a directory name on the command line. For example, the following command line creates a directory called homework: $ mkdir homework can also be used to quickly create a hierarchy of directories.