National Competitiveness in a Global Economy by David P. Rapkin, William P. Avery
By David P. Rapkin, William P. Avery
This quantity examines the factors and results of alterations in financial competitiveness. The authors find the problems within the context of the controversy within the past due Nineteen Eighties and early '90s over relative US decline and survey many of the definitions and conceptual techniques to the topic.
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China's exports of manufactures to Japan grew fivefold in the years 19851991. In the latter year, the value of Chinese imports of Japanese manufactures was one-third less than in 1985, the consequence of restrictive import licensing. The consequence was that bilateral trade in manufactures in 1991 was in balance. China runs a substantial trade surplus in nonmanufactures with Japan. The only other state in the region to enjoy an overall trade surplus with Japan is Indonesia, a result of its oil and natural gas exports.
From cotton to synthetic textiles). The ROC's success also derived from the episodic and ad hoc nature of negotiations with the United States, which did not seem to be trying to implement any coherent long-term strategy. S. protectionism had little discernible adverse impact on Taiwan's economy (Chan, 1987; Chou, 1992; Yoffie, 1983). Spiraling trade deficits and the almost overnight transformation of the United States from the world's largest creditor to largest debtor nation in the mid-1980s changed the game of trade negotiations as far as the Reagan administration was concerned (Destler, 1986; Pearson, 1989).
The result has been what Bernard and Ravenhill (1995) call a "trade triangle" in which Taiwan's surplus with the United States in labor-intensive products is displaced or transshipped though the PRC (see also Wu, 1991). For example, the considerable drop of $16 billion in Taiwan's and Hong Kong's combined surplus in trade with the United States  < previous page < previous page page_145 page_146 next page > next page > Page 146 between 1987 and 1992 was offset by a $15 billion increase in China's surplus over the same period (Kristof, 1993).