Mathematical and Physical Modelling of Microwave Scattering by A.I. Kozlov
By A.I. Kozlov
Radar know-how is more and more getting used to observe the surroundings. This monograph offers a evaluate of polarimetric radar innovations for distant sensing. the 1st 4 chapters disguise the fundamentals of mathematical, statistical modelling in addition to actual modelling according to radiowave scattering idea. the following 8 chapters summarize functions of polarimetric radar tracking for numerous varieties of earth environments, together with plants and oceans. The final chapters supply a precis of Western in addition to former Soviet Union wisdom and the outlook. This monograph is of price to scholars, scientists and engineers concerned with distant sensing improvement and functions specifically for environmental tracking.
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Extra info for Mathematical and Physical Modelling of Microwave Scattering and Polarimetric Remote Sensing: Monitoring the Earth's Environment Using Polarimetric Radar: ... Sensing and Digital Image Processing)
Example text
Doppler-polarimetry is a methodology for the determination of both Doppler velocity (radial component) and the polarization dependence of a moving scatterer. When the scatterer is moving, the phase of the received scattered signal is determined by the polarization-dependent properties of the scatterer and by the radial velocity of the scatterer. Thus, we cannot distinguish simultaneously in the phase measurements between phase changes due to polarization-dependent properties of the scatterer and changes due to Doppler velocity [Niemeijer, 1996].
Satisfactory solutions are only available in cases for which the parameters characterizing the scatterer size are very large or just very small compared to the radio wavelength. Approximate theories, such as Rayleigh scattering, Born and Van de Hulst approximations, can be applied [Newton, 1969]. The encoding-decoding process is complicated by a number of factors. g. signal distortion due to noise or reflection from unwanted objects and multi-path. 1 Effects of propagation The design of an optimal encoder-decoder for remote sensing becomes complex by the fact that changing the frequency, polarization, or the incidence angle of radiation, the conditions of propagation (and signal-scatterer interactions) change.
1) emitted from a scattering area is the Fourier transform of the spatial autocorrelation function of the field over this area. Applying an inverse Fourier transformation, we can thus derive the spatial field correlation. This can be realized with an antenna array by measuring the angular spectrum of the scattered field. If, for example, this spectrum is a sin(x)/x function, then the Fourier transform is a rectangular function. If the width of this function (correlation distance of the field) is “L”, then we have a relationship between the 3-dB beamwidth of this spatial field pattern and the correlation distance given by where is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.