Marx' Critique of Science and Positivism: The Methodological by George E. McCarthy
By George E. McCarthy
... With this in brain the reader can be taken via 3 meta-theoretical degrees of Marx' approach to research of the constructions of capitalism: (1) the rationalization of 'critique' and procedure from Kant's epistemology, Hegel's phenomenology, to Marx' political economic climate (Chapter One); (2) the research of 'critique' and time, that's, the temporal dimensions of the serious procedure as they evolve from Hegel's common sense to Marx' Capital and the adaptation among using the long run in explanatory, positivist technology and 'critique' (Chapter Two); (3) and eventually, 'critique' and materialism, a research of the complexity of the class of materialism, the ambivalence and ambiguity of its use in Marx' serious process, and the ontological and logical dilemmas created by means of the Schelling-Feuerbach flip towards materialism of their critique of Hegel (Chapter Three). The critique of political financial system is, for this reason, tested on the degrees of technique, temporality, and ontology. To what do the kinds of political financial system quite refer while the positivist interpretations of Marx were shattered and 'critique' be comes the strategy of selection? what sort of wisdom can we have whether it is not "scientific" within the conventional feel of either epistemology and method? and how much applicability will it have while its structure is reminiscent of to not produce predictive, technical wisdom, yet sensible wisdom within the Greek feel of the observe (Praxis)? What be comes of the criterion of fact whilst epistemology itself, like technology, is
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36 Th~ adequacy of the Concept comes from the historicity of the content, the immanence of the 'critique' itself (no external normative judgments), and from the non-separation of the method from its object. Marx rejects positivist science as being inadequate to the phenomenal worlds, since it merely reproduces the phenomenal appearances as simply given. The objectivity of the dialectical categories is guaranteed by the examination of the origins and structure of the conceptual framework of political economy and their relationship to the social forms of production out of which they developed.
From the transcendental deduction" and synthetic unity of apperception of Kant's pure reason, to the dialectical and phenomenological critique of Hegel's Absolute Spirit, to the ethical humanism and non-positivist critical science of Marx, the concept of 'critique' as an epistemological, metaphysical, and sociological method needs to be analyzed. From the epistemological and meta-theoretical justification of the natural sciences in Kant, to the evolution of epistemology into phenomenology and social theory in Hegel, to the development of the critique of political economy in Marx, this singularly German methodological approach to physical and social reality represents an important starting point in reconstituting the philosophical foundations of critical social science.
The former, however, does not return to the Kantian distinction between phenomena and noumena, appearances and things-in-themselves, for he does believe that consciousness and the categories of political economy reflect the essential political-economic structures of capitalism. The categories do not explain or produce reality from the former's own internal dialectical dynamic. To understand the manner in which Marx uses the categories of political economy one would first have to know the relationship among consciousness (categories and ideology), reality (appearances and essence), and social praxis (will and ethics).