Lebanon, A Country Study by Federal Research Division

Lebanon, A Country Study by Federal Research Division

By Federal Research Division

Western indulgence with Lebanon led to February 1984. The bombing of the us Marines barracks in Beirut on October 23, 1983, with the lack of 241 American lives, and the demise of a few fifty nine French peacekeeping troops in an identical blast that day, proved how volatile the reconstruction surroundings was once (see inner defense and Terrorism , ch. 5). struggling with within the Shuf Mountains through the autumn of 1983 illustrated the trouble of exclaiming executive keep an eye on even if occupying forces pulled again. lots of the MNF troops pulled out with the partition of Beirut and the renewed fragmentation of the Lebanese military, even if the French and Italians not on time their departure for humanitarian purposes.

Show description

Read or Download Lebanon, A Country Study PDF

Best middle east books

The End of Modern History in the Middle East

With the finishing of world strategic disagreement among superpowers, these within the center East needs to comply with a brand new fact: to simply accept ultimate accountability for his or her personal affairs, to make and realize their blunders, and to simply accept the implications. after all of contemporary background within the heart East, Bernard Lewis discusses the way forward for the quarter during this new, postimperialist period.

A Rage for Order: The Arab World in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS

What's wisdom? Who comes to a decision what's very important? Who owns it?

These are critical subject matters that run via this name that goals to alter perceptions and figuring out of schooling. utilizing old and modern examples, the authors study the motivations, conflicts, and contradictions in schooling. In breaking down the constructions, forces, and applied sciences concerned they convey how replacement techniques can emerge.

Dr. Adam Unwin is Senior Lecturer in enterprise and Economics schooling at college collage London's Institute of Education.

John Yandell is Senior Lecturer in schooling at collage university London Institute of schooling.

Saudi Arabia

Книга Saudi Arabia Saudi ArabiaКниги География Автор: Robert A. Harper Год издания: 2002 Формат: pdf Издат. :Chelsea residence courses Страниц: 109 Размер: 1,1 ISBN: 0791069354 Язык: Английский0 (голосов: zero) Оценка:Saudi Arabia (Modern international international locations)

The Iranian Revolution

"The Iranian Revolution" good merits its first-place award in 2009 (category: early life non-fiction) from the center East Outreach Council (MEOC), a firm of lecturers and educators dedicated to heart japanese stories. The writing type is apparent and concise; the pictures and supplementary fabrics are terrific; and the complicated sleek background of Iran is totally defined for individuals with out a robust history within the topic.

Additional resources for Lebanon, A Country Study

Example text

Together, the PLA and the Lebanese National Movement took the town of Ad Damur, a Shamun stronghold about seventeen kilometers south of Beirut. In spite of these setbacks, through Syria's good offices, compromises were achieved. On February 14, 1976, in what was considered a political breakthrough, Syria helped negotiate a seventeen-point reform program known as the Constitutional Document. Yet by March this progress was derailed by the disintegration of the Lebanese Army. In that month dissident Muslim troops, led by Lieutenant Ahmad Khatib, mutinied, creating the Lebanese Arab Army.

As the PLO's military influence in the south grew, so too did the disaffection of the Shia community that lived there, which was exposed to varying degrees of unsympathetic Lebanese control, indifferent or antipathetic PLO attitudes, and hostile Israeli actions. The Franjiyah government proved less and less able to deal with these rising tensions, and by the onset of the Civil War in April 1975, political fragmentation was accelerating. The Civil War, 1975-76 The spark that ignited the war occurred in Beirut on April 13, 1975, when gunmen killed four Phalangists during an attempt on Pierre Jumayyil's life.

Foreign interests in Lebanon transformed these basically sociopolitical struggles into bitter religious conflicts, culminating in the 1860 massacre of about 10,000 Maronites, as well as Greek Catholics and Greek Orthodox, by the Druzes. These events offered France the opportunity to intervene; in an attempt to forestall French intervention, the Ottoman government stepped in to restore order. On October 5, 1860, an international commission composed of France, Britain, Austria, Prussia, and the Ottoman Empire met to investigate the causes of the events of 1860 and to recommend a new administrative and judicial system for Lebanon that would prevent the recurrence of such events.

Download PDF sample

Rated 4.00 of 5 – based on 47 votes
Comments are closed.