Laws of Freedom : A study of Kant's method of applying the by M J Gregor

Laws of Freedom : A study of Kant's method of applying the by M J Gregor

By M J Gregor

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Extra info for Laws of Freedom : A study of Kant's method of applying the categorical imperative in the Metaphysik der Sitten

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A t the same time that the categorical imperative states what morally good action is, it states implicitly what consitutes right action, and particular moral laws derived from it are, in part, assertions that certain actions or maxims are right or w r o n g . 7 8 9 So far as L a w is concerned, the importance o f this conclusion is selfevident, for in L a w the categorical imperative functions as the prin­ ciple o f right action in abstraction from considerations o f moral g o o d ­ ness. The fact that ethical laws arise within the context o f moral g o o d ­ ness may tend to obscure the issue o f the ethically right and w r o n g .

B u t this duty enters m o r a l philosophy o n l y w h e n the question o f ends i n the sense o f objects o f choice is raised, in ethics. The moral necessity o f benevolent actions follows f r o m the moral necessity o f adopting such ends as w e could w i l l everyone t o have, and obligatory ends, i n turn, are secondary t o and derivative f r o m the formal principle o f action accompanied b y ethical legislation. F r o m the nature o f the supreme moral principle, together w i t h the fact that outer legislation cannot extend t o o u r adoption o f ends, it follows that in so far as an action is necessary or impossible according to juridical laws it is so b y virtue o f its f o r m and n o t b y reason o f its relation t o the happiness o f the subjects.

VII. 1 1 24 LAWS OF FREEDOM 12 to act in accordance with the l a w . Moral laws, although w e can treat them abstractly as statements o f what is right and w r o n g , are in fact practical propositions which look to the determination o f choice; and in relation to an imperfectly rational will, w h i c h does not spontaneously determine choice in conformity with the law, they are imperatives or commands. When w e speak o f moral laws as 'commands' w e indicate that the relation between the will and the law is one o f obligation or con­ straint upon the will through the l a w .

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