Islamic Jerusalem and its Christians. A History of Tolerance by Maher Abu-Munshar
By Maher Abu-Munshar
Islamic Jerusalem has a different position within the hearts of the 3 monotheistic religions. all through its historical past it's been the location of tolerance and tensions. Islamic Jerusalem and its Christians offers a serious examine historic occasions in the course of the time of 2 key figures within the heritage of Islam: to begin with Caliph 'Umar Ibn Al-Khattab, who performed a significantly very important position within the beginning and unfold of Islam. Secondly Sultan Salah al-Din, the mythical 'Saladdin' of Western Crusader lore, whose peace negotiations with Richard the Lion-Heart, King of britain Abu Munshar brings to lifestyles the following. This pioneering learn makes use of wide unique examine to discover Muslim remedy of non-Muslims within the seventh Century and within the heart a while. A worthy resource of reference for all attracted to Islamic and heart japanese experiences, faith and Medieval historical past, Islamic Jerusalem and its Christians establishes and develops new facts for tutorial debate.
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Extra info for Islamic Jerusalem and its Christians. A History of Tolerance and Tensions
Sample text
For example, Imam Abu Yusuf and al-Baladhuri reported several pacts made by the Prophet Muhammad with the People of the Book living in Najran, Tabalah, Jarash, Ayla, Adhruh, Maqna,150 al-Jarbah, Yemen and Oman, in which they were promised protection of their lives, rights, property and beliefs in return for paying jizyah. The text of the pact with the Christians of Najran, who lived in southern Arabia north-east of Yemen in the midst of an idolatrous tribe, is typical: In the name of God, the Compassionate and Merciful, this is what Muhammad the Prophet of God wrote to the people of Najran, when they were under his command … And for the people of Najran and its bordering country, there is the protection of God and the compact of Muhammad the Prophet (regarding their property, their lives, their land and their people, whether present or absent, in their families and their trade, whether great or small.
Initially, this tax did not exist in the early years of the Muslim state, in Madinah or elsewhere. There is disagreement among scholars as to the actual date that jizyah was prescribed. For example, Ibn al-Qayyim (d. 751 AH/1350 CE) states that jizyah was not taken from non-Muslims before the revelation of the verse legitimizing it in year 8 AH (629 CE),82 whereas Abu ‘Ubayd (d. 85 No fixed rate for jizyah was set either by the Qur’an or by the Prophet Muhammad. 86 According to Abu Hanifah, the rate was 48 dirhams for rich people, 24 dirhams for the middle class and 12 dirhams for the poor.
On the other hand, he called himself the servant of and the messenger of God. The Prophet also emphasized the common areas of belief, rather than any differences. Lastly, he managed to communicate the message of Islam to most kings and leaders of that time. While some accepted the message and others did not, the idea of embracing Islam and the arrival of a new prophet preoccupied all of them. 46 ISLAMIC JERUSALEM AND ITS CHRISTIANS Treaties with the People of the Book In addition to sending letters, Prophet Muhammad continued to build new relations by concluding a number of treaties with the People of the Book.