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The conquered lands were organized in provinces under governors, and towns destroyed in sieges were rebuilt. This may have occurred at Giyan, where on top of the mound are the remains of a fortified Assyrian palace. Tiglath-pileser III was an outstanding administrator as well as a great conqueror. \'Vithout depopulating his country he established Assyrian colonies in the annexed districts with the object of holding them more securely, and transplanted the vanquished populations. It was a veritable shutRing of peoples: from his Median campaign he brought back 65,000 prisoners, whom he settled on the Diyala, along the frontier of Assyria proper, replacing them on the Plateau by Arameans.

It was not the parallel ranges of the Zagros, though difficult to cross and forming a protective curtain, that checked the Iranian advance. To the west lay a barrier of states with a long history and cultures developed by hundreds, if not thousands, of years of sedentary and civilized life. The Iranian tribes moving south-east along the folds of the Zagros were faced from south to north by Elam, which included Susiana and extended to the mountains of its hinterland; by Mesopotamia, which to the north of Baby Ion had a common frontier with Assyria; and finall y, farther to the north and north-east around Lake Van, where the Zagros merges into the Caucasian massif, by the young kingdom of Urartu (Ararat), which four centuries later was to become the kingdom of Armenia.

It was a veritable shutRing of peoples: from his Median campaign he brought back 65,000 prisoners, whom he settled on the Diyala, along the frontier of Assyria proper, replacing them on the Plateau by Arameans. Even Babylonia did not escape, and he attached it to the Assyrian crown. The new King of Urartu, Rusas I, tried to retaliate by gaining the support of the small tribal chiefs along his frontier and seeking to band them together in a federation. His new policy THE COMING OF THE IRANIANS 95 made much headway, and won over a certain number of Median chiefs, among whom the name of Daiukku appears for the first time.