High-Frequency Bipolar Transistors: Physics, Modeling, by Michael Reisch
By Michael Reisch
The e-book supplies an in depth presentation of high-frequency bipolar transistors in silicon or silicon-germanium know-how with specific emphasis given to todays complicated compact versions and their actual foundations. the 1st half introduces the basics of bipolar transistors on a graduate pupil point. the second one half considers the physics and modeling of bipolar transistors intimately. half three describes simple circuit configurations, features of approach integration and applications.
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21). D t e t B 0 e VVc D- trap 0 (a) e ~ D VVv VVc B ~ 0 (b) D -trap VVv Fig. 21. ShocklcyRead-Hall mechanism for the (a) generation and (b) recombination of an electron-hole pair This mechanism was first investigated by Shockley, Read and Hall and is therefore termed Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination. , donor or acceptor impurities (so-called shallow impurities) do not act as SRH centers. Recombination in modestly doped silicon regions is predominantly SRH recombination. In heav- 34 1. An Introductory Survey ily doped semiconductor regions the majority-carrier density is sufficiently large in order to make so-called Auger processes the predominant recombination mechanism.
If only the small deviations Vs (t) = v(t) - Vo and is(t) = i(t) - Io from a given bias point (Vo, Io) are considered, a linear approximation of the current-voltage characteristic may be employed, replacing the exact current-voltage characteristic with a first-order Taylor series expansion. 2. Devices, Circuits, Compact Models linear resistance nonlinear resistance linear approximation to the I(V)-characteristic at the bias point voltage V dII g(Vo) = dV Va 1 Fig. 9. 6) = r(Vo) is the small-signal conductance of the nonlinear resistor at the bias point considered; its inverse r(Vo) is the small-signal resistance.
14 1. An Introductory Survey A two-terminal element is called an inductor if its fiux ¢(t) = ¢[i(t)] at time t is a function of current i(t) at the same instant. The inductor is called linear if ¢(t) = Li(t) is proportional to i(t). 4) L di/dt . An independent voltage source is a two-terminal element with a pre-defined, possibly time-dependent, branch voltage that is independent of the branch current. An independent current source is a two-terminal element with a predefined, possibly time-dependent, branch current that is independent of the branch voltage.