Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition, Four-Volume Set by Lindsay Allen, Andrew Prentice, Benjamin Caballero
By Lindsay Allen, Andrew Prentice, Benjamin Caballero
Comprising 4 volumes this new version offers complete insurance in not just human food, yet now additionally in medical nutrition.
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Additional resources for Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition, Four-Volume Set
Example text
AP2, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein; C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ; C/EBP & , CCAAT/enhancer binding protein & ; CD36, fatty acid translocase; ECM, extracellular matrix; GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; PPAR, peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-; Pref-1, preadipocyte factor-1; SREBP-1, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1. diameter 20-fold and their volumes by several thousand-fold. However, fat cells do not increase in size indefinitely.
The gut hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory peptide also increase fatty acid synthesis, while glucagon and catecholamines inactivate acetyl-CoA carboxylase, thus decreasing the rate of fatty acid synthesis. The release of glycerol and free fatty acids by lipolysis plays a critical role in the ability of the organism to provide energy from triglyceride stores. In this sense, the processes of lipolysis and lipogenesis are crucial for the attainment of body weight control. For this purpose adipocytes are equipped with a well-developed enzymatic machinery, together with a number of nonsecreted proteins and binding factors directly involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism.
Adipose tissue has also been identified as a source of production of factors with immunological properties participating in immunity and stress responses, as is the case for ASP (acylation-simulating protein) and metallothionein. More recently, the pivotal role of adipocyte-derived factors in cardiovascular function control such as angiotensinogen, adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor angiopoietin related protein/fasting-induced adipose factor (PGAR/FIAF), and C-reactive protein (CRP) has been established.