Echinodermata (Progress in Molecular and Subcellular by Valeria Matranga (Ed.)

Echinodermata (Progress in Molecular and Subcellular by Valeria Matranga (Ed.)

By Valeria Matranga (Ed.)

Contributors of the phylum Echinodermata are one of the so much primary marine invertebrates. kinds equivalent to the ocean big name became nearly a logo of sea existence. utilized in historic oriental drugs as a resource of bioactive compounds, sea cucumbers, sea stars and sea urchins at the moment are used for the extraction and purification of cytotoxic, haemolytic, antiviral, antifungal, antifouling, antimicrobial or even anti-tumoural actions. moreover, of the 5 extant sessions, sea urchins and sea cucumbers are very important financial assets for present fishery and aquaculture. Molecular and mobile organic ideas defined during this ebook are, at the one hand, indicative of the advancements remodeled the years and, at the different, pressure the necessity in their extra exploitation for the sustainable creation of bioactive compounds and their program in biomedicine.

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Extra info for Echinodermata (Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology) (Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology Marine Molecular Biotechnology)

Example text

Its sequence contains consensus calcium-binding motifs, in agreement with its capacity to interact with calcium biochemically (Robinson et al. 1992), and modular repeats similar to that known in other large ECM molecules (McClay 1991). Hyalin has been shown to support cell adhesion in vitro (McClay and Fink 1982) and to be involved in sea urchin morphogenesis in vivo (Adelson and Humphreys 1988). Interestingly, a recent study has demonstrated that two mammalian cortical granule envelope proteins share common antigenic epitope(s) with echinoderm hyalin and, like hyalin, play a role in early embryogenesis (Hoodbhoy et al.

In the following text, molecules of the sea urchin embryo involved in cell communication, such as cell–matrix and cell–cell adhesion proteins (Pl- Cell Adhesion and Communication: A Lesson from Echinoderm Embryos 17 nectin, fibronectin, laminin, collagen, integrin, toposome, cadherin), growth factors (BMP2/4, univin), signal transduction molecules (kinases), and their genes (when characterised) will be described. Our intention is not to review all the work done over the years in the field of cellular interaction in echinoderms, but rather we will focus on a few arguments on the assumption of reexamining some ideas and concepts.

The ultrastructural localisation of toposome has been investigated by electron microscopy of immunogold-labeled eggs and hatched blastulae (Gratwohl et al. 1991). Toposomes were seen on the surface of the egg, as well as stored in yolk granules and in the electron-dense lamellar compartment of the cortical granules. In the hatched blastula, toposomes modified by limited proteolysis in the yolk granules have been found associated with the plasma membranes, while unmodified 160-kDa toposomes, originating from the cortical granules, have been found on the outside of the hyaline layer.

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