An Introduction To Reliability and Maintainability by Charles E. Ebeling
By Charles E. Ebeling
This functional and smooth method of reliability bargains with center suggestions, significant types, and confirmed suggestions. the pc software program packaged within the Instructor's handbook permits scholars to target techniques and research rather than tedius numerical calculations. appropriate to all departments of engineering, really commercial, this article offers an creation to chance and statistical recommendations that's essential to aid the improvement of reliability and maintainability techniques.
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Extra info for An Introduction To Reliability and Maintainability Engineering
Sample text
1 2. 8 kV bus. 1 2. 1 3 . (Assume that transformer and breaker-bus are fully redundant. 8 kV bus (1). 1 3. ( SINGLE S O URCE AT 4 6 k V 46 L T �� I -) k V BUS UL T I 1 3. 8 kV BUS L L 1, L L 1) ! � � � � � Figure 2. 1 2 Industrial substation Case A . 43 Reliability Procedures for Substations Table 2. 8 kV fdr. brkr. 036 0. 1 248 0. 1 5 0. 195 0. 31 98 -- Total • Time to disconnect faulted unit. t Rate for faults and all unscheduled outages. T WO 46 kV SOURCE S 1 1 T T ) ) - - - I (I) ) - ) - � � Figure 2.
The only way that a system may transit within a given instant of time from one exact capacity state to another state with the same capacity available is to have one machine repaired and another fail within the same instant. The probability of this occurring is of second order. It is so unlikely that it can be ignored relative to the occurrence of a single event. The two capacity states may therefore be merged as states separated in time. Since transfer cannot occur directly from one state to the other, their availabilities and frequencies of encountering will add directly.
Fault/maint. 4 C. Brkr. Fault/Brkr. Maint. :;Q 2r;; ' g �. s» ::I 0- >< 2? ii> � Q" >- '0 "2- �: 0 ::s '" � 0 ::l. a tj. cr a o· '" ::I til '< � '" w 00 III. 475 (Transf. 0 h 16 Bus ·Breaker * Restoration by switching. t Restoration by repair. :;z:, !!. j;; . g �. � � '" 0- '" 0' ... a. a 6· ::s '" w \0 Reliability and Availability Applications to Distribution Systems 40 sending end of Ll would also be tripped. Service to Sl and S2 can be restored by disconnecting Bl and B2 and supplying the transformers from line L2 .